Digital resources and services allow libraries to significantly expand the scope of information available to users. They are like biomedical or nuclear technology firms absent any ethics rules or ethics training or philosophy. Any row that doesn't meet the conditions (the expression evaluates to false or NULL) is discarded. Online echo chambers or silos divide people into separate camps, at times even inciting them to express anger and hatred at a volume not seen in previous communications forms. Martin is the financial director of a small business. D) It cannot explain the findings of the dichotic listening paradigm. Recorded: September 15, 2016, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Mike DeVito, A sociologist doing research on technology and civic engagement at MIT said, Though likely to get worse before it gets better, the 2016-2017 information ecosystem problems represent a watershed moment and call to action for citizens, policymakers, journalists, designers and philanthropists who must work together to address the issues at the heart of misinformation., Michael Zimmer, associate professor and privacy and information ethics scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee commented, This is a social problem that cannot be solved via technology.. C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. exam 2 possibly. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. They are happy hearing what confirms their views. What we dont know is how to make it a thriving business. Misinformation is not like a plumbing problem you fix. The respondents who supported this view noted that peoples actions from consciously malevolent and power-seeking behaviors to seemingly more benign acts undertaken for comfort or convenience will work to undermine a healthy information environment. This is a wake-up call to the news industry, policy makers and journalists to refine the system of news production., Maja Vujovic, senior copywriter for the Comtrade Group, predicted, The information environment will be increasingly perceived as a public good, making its reliability a universal need. According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? By Bieke Zaman and Marije Nouwen, Filtering: The Man in the Middle. B) Inhibition of return prevents an individual from attending to the same location twice, an effective strategy when searching for moving objects. A leading researcher studying the spread of misinformation observed, I know systems like blockchain are a start, but in some ways analog systems (e.g., scanned voting ballots) can be more resilient to outside influence than digital solutions such as increased encryption. In the digital realm, attention is currency. James is experiencing, Jill is angry with Jack because he made a disparaging comment to another male, coworker about women during the team meeting. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. They predicted a future information landscape in which fake information crowds out reliable information. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? Sonia Livingstone, professor of social psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science, replied, The wild west state of the internet will not be permitted to continue by those with power, as we are already seeing with increased national pressure on providers/companies by a range of means from law and regulation to moral and consumer pressures., Willie Currie, a longtime expert in global communications diffusion, wrote, The apparent success of fake news on platforms like Facebook will have to be dealt with on a regulatory basis as it is clear that technically minded people will only look for technical fixes and may have incentives not to look very hard, so self-regulation is unlikely to succeed. Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. Question 8 1 out of 1 points which of the following - Course Hero Some respondents expect a dramatic rise in the manipulation of the information environment by nation-states, by individual political actors and by groups wishing to spread propaganda. Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information. The reason is simply that advertising revenue has been untethered from news production., With precarious funding and shrinking audiences, healthy journalism that serves the common good is losing its voice. Those who want to make sure they are getting a multiplicity of sources to see the range of inputs, and to sort through various types of inputs, will be able to do so, but I also expect that those who want to be in the game of influencing perceptions of reality and changing the perceptions of reality will also have ample means to do so. In the United States, corporate filtering of information will impose the views of the economic elite., The executive director of a major global privacy advocacy organization argued removing civil liberties in order to stop misinformation will not be effective, saying, Problematic actors will be able to game the devised systems while others will be over-regulated.. ), Deloitte Risk Services, Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, 2008 (Prepared for the European Union's Safer Internet plus Programme), Internet Filters: A Public Policy Report (2006) Jamais Cascio. 3) A few trusted sources will continue to dominate the internet., Irene Wu, adjunct professor of communications, culture and technology at Georgetown University, said, Information will improve because people will learn better how to deal with masses of digital information. Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Most of these experts do not expect there will be a perfect system but they expect advances. D) The Dichotic listening paradigm. During a chemistry lab, your friend is listening intently for bubbling in her solution. Sally did not consider her. The Future of Digital Spaces and Their Role in Democracy, What the data says about Americans views of climate change, Podcasts as a Source of News and Information, AI in Hiring and Evaluating Workers: What Americans Think, Americans confident in Zelenskyy, but have limited familiarity with some other world leaders, How Public Polling Has Changed in the 21st Century. By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. Internet Manifesto (2014) How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". Patrick Lambe, principal consultant at Straits Knowledge, commented, All largescale human systems are adaptive. Some of these experts expect that such systems will act to identify perceived misbehaviors and label, block, filter or remove some online content and even ban some posters from further posting. D) A green P. What aspect of the Stroop task demonstrates controlled processing? To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable to use a single channel to send it. Which of the following are valid actions for - Course Hero Social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and Twitter appear to be prime battlegrounds. Anonymous respondent. These experts noted that the public has turned to social media especially Facebook to get its news. They said the publics craving for quick reads and tabloid-style sensationalism is what makes social media the field of choice for manipulative narratives, which are often packaged to appear like news headlines. Edited by Martin Garnarand Trina Magi with ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom They expect that users will gravitate toward more reliable information and that knowledge providers will respond in kind. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Is there an immediate nexus between widespread ignorance and corrupted information sources? She wrote, Right now, there is an incentive to spread fake news. Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. Connie is at a club talking with her boyfriend Cody, when her attention is suddenly directed to someone yelling out the name Adam. Children's Internet Protection Act Which of the following is NOT a task used to quantitatively measuring attention? Lastly, the incentives are all wrong. ", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. For instance, after fake news stories in June 2017 reported Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash its market value was reported to have dropped by $4 billion. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and. David Conrad, Paul N. Edwards, Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford University, commented, Many excellent methods will be developed to improve the information environment, but the history of online systems shows that bad actors can and will always find ways around them., Vian Bakir, professor in political communication and journalism at Bangor University in Wales, commented, It wont improve because of 1) the evolving nature of technology emergent media always catches out those who wish to control it, at least in the initial phase of emergence; 2) online social media and search engine business models favour misinformation spreading; 3) well-resourced propagandists exploit this mix., Many who expect things will not improve in the next decade said that white hat efforts will never keep up with black hat advances in information wars. Without a framework for regulation, I cant imagine penalties.. It may now be easier to spread to more people more quickly, but the responsibility for sifting facts from fiction has always sat with the person receiving that information and always will., An internet pioneer and rights activist based in the Asia/Pacific region said, We as a society are not investing enough in education worldwide. Or will the quality and veracity of information online deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas? So ignorance breeds frustration, which breeds acting out, which breeds antisocial and pathological behavior, such as the disinformation, which was the subject of the survey, and many other undesirable second order effects. "ConnectSafely.org is a Silicon Valley, Calif.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to educating users of connected technology about safety, privacy, and security. About; British Mark; Publication; Awards; Nominate; Sponsorship; Contact Open Net Initiative (2014)"Internet censorship and surveillance are growing global phenomena. We also need to move away from clickbaity-like articles, and not algorithmically rely on popularity but on information., An engineer based in North America replied, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. Brief on Recommender Systems. Different types of recommendation | by These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. Which of the following would be least likely to engage controlled attention? ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe.