PDF Context Line-by-Line Analysis - George Pindar School Loorbach, N., Karreman, J., & Steehouder, M. (2007). Kamikaze key quotes and themes 8 terms KatieBor20 Poppies Key Quotes & Inferences 18 terms ameliahewitt03 Ozymandias Key Quotes 9 terms amberjag123 Remains key quotes 10 terms betty_warnock Recent flashcard sets S.194 27 terms quizlette64992435 spanish vocab 35 terms k25zliene18 Milchsorten Fettgehalt 7 terms Honigbrot1291 Dance Final 21 terms In this way, the manual emphasizes that the pilot is not alone when he makes his final approach; it is a team effort. It is also part of the more. The path to attempted suicide for the pilots in the procedure is singular and inevitable. The essay also focuses on bushido (which originated with the samurai warriors). We suggest that manual writers today should be cognizant of precisely what they are making possible, and remember that what they view now as inevitable or necessary may be illusory or optional; indeed, the hypothetical and, from all sources at the time, certain ground invasion that drove the writing and consumption of these manuals never happened, due to Japans surrender in August 1945 after the American atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was a kamikaze pilot during the Second World War, fighting for the Japanese. Horne, A. Early to middle 1945 saw Imperial Japan in near-complete disarray, both militarily and economically. As such, we feel comfortable labeling the mission of Manual 2 as offering not only the logical reassurance and reinforcement offered by Manual 1, but emotional reassurance as well, in order to reach the final desired state. We explore rhetorical dynamics implicit within the text, the texts as part of the instructional genre, and ethical concerns particular to the context of the texts and desired actions they describe. docx, 46.37 KB. This makes us feel a part of the pilots daughters reminiscences as she explains to her own children what her father must have felt like as he progressed on his suicide mission. Japan faced an unimaginable defeat at the hands of the US, when it was widely believed by Japanese that the US tortured their prisoners to death, whether military or civilian, and that they would butcher the Japanese civilian population in an invasion. In either case, it is necessary to choose appropriately the point of charging and its start time of the attack in order to get the expected result by crashing into the enemys ship. Her poem A Kosovan Ghost Story refers to the shame and dishonour brought about in war in this case the fact that women who were raped in the war were seen to have brought dishonour on their families; therefore the atrocities of war were often not spoken of to the investigators who arrived to investigate war crimes. Pearson. The pilot is to head directly for the target and kill himself and others with the maximum amount of efficiency. Conscientious objectors did not exist. Hiding humanity: Verbal and visual ethics in accident reports. Dragga, S., & Voss, D. (2003). With memories of his childhood entering his head, the pilot turns back from his suicide mission and is afterwards shunned by his family. It is of utmost importance for the attacking force commander to have thorough knowledge about the yooryoo of the Togo troop commanders attack. If it were completely focused on officers, the manual would have concentrated more on matters of discipline; as is, the document is a blend between action and motivation. The work on this site may be copied and/or adapted for use in the classroom or for private study. pptx, 673.72 KB. Or, more pressing for technical communicators, is writing such a manual at all ethical? Track progress, measure results and access thousands of online tutorial worksheets in Maths, English and Science with an EdPlace subscription. Loorbach, N., Karreman, J., & Steehouder, M. (2013). Later, as he looks down at the boats, the poem revolves around the glories of nature and the sea. This study examines Japanese military ideology at a particular stage in the war to contextualize a rhetorical analysis, rhetorical dynamics implicit within the . Katzs (1992) analysis of a 1942 German technical memo that detailed how best to redesign trucks used for gassing Jews and undesirables to be more efficient is a good reference point. They are easy to remember if studied individually and demonstrate well the manuals assumption of authority. These two words in the span of Sections 3 and 4 suggest, then, the document has some ethical seams. Fourth, Manual 1 serves as an excellent example of authoritarian professional discourse that was apparently effective to some degree, in the sense there are no documented instances of Togo pilots defying their orders. Manning, A., & Amare, N. (2006). The standard introduction to technical/professional writing class at the undergraduate level usually leans on a catch-all, genre-based textbook that has a single chapter on instructions, if that, with relatively pedestrian examples. 'incantation' - a magic spell or chant 'bunting' - strings of flags, often used in celebration 'breakers' - big waves that come in to the shore 5 8. A key aspect to bushido is the act of seppuku, where a dishonored samurai voluntarily commits suicide if sufficiently dishonored or wounded, or is ordered to do so by a superior. Its small size suggests that it could be carried folded or unfolded in a pocket to refresh ones memory or to quote from it. A sampling follows: (30) In the case of surprise attack, a very low altitude horizontal attack is to be [made] when the height of clouds is low, at night, at dawn, at dusk, or when using airplane types such as airplane 67 or airplane 45, etc., and in responding to the conditions at the time, [the troop] is to do a dive or a horizontal crash. The authors explore the phenomenon of kamikaze attacks from a technical communication and rhetorical perspective by analyzing 1945 Japanese military manuals directed to officers and pilots on how to organize and conduct suicide attacks. Unlike Manual 1, directed to a commander, Manual 2 is intended for the actual pilots. In this worksheet, students will analyse the language devices used in the poem 'Kamikaze' by Beatrice Garland. Even the thoughts about what was seen below his plane are actually the daughters. The manuals aim to shut down doubts not only in the officers mind but in his subordinate pilots as well. A modern poem that offers an alternative interpretation of bravery in conflict: it does not focus on a soldier in battle but on the mother who is left behind and must cope with his death. There are four images within Manual 1, which we will refer to as Dive, Formations, Attack Assignments, and Dive II, labeled as images 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The last line of each stanza is noticeably shorter and indented which emphasises its importance. . Other military discourse studies roughly parallel to ours suggest, curiously, that there are many important artifacts to be explored in military documents, but none of them ever reflect well on the military. The poem tells the story of one particular pilot who decides to turn back, prompted by a childhood memory of his brother and father by the sea. Assonance 3. Line-by-Line Analysis Beatrice Garland - Beatrice Garland is an English poet that won War II with a surprise attack on Pearl Harbour (a the 2001 National Poetry Prize for her poem 'Undressing.' She wrote no poetry for some time after, instead focusing her The words are listed in the order in which they appear in the poem. There are two sections where the narrator (the pilots daughter) interjects and the poem becomes a first person narrative. This reflects the Japanese notion of honour and saving face. Her father embarked Kamikaze pilots were soldiers who flew aircraft loaded with explosives into enemy ships in suicide attacks. The technical instructions are helpful, though, like Manual 1, they are a bit vague, trying to hit a middle or moderate approach to figuring out the dive. Stanford UP. This made even conventional air attacks near suicidal, as they largely had to be made by inexperienced pilots in decrepit aircraft against increasingly plentiful and better-armored American planes. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 25(3), 261273. These two Togo manuals inhabit that same efficiency ethic, but while gassing innocent civilians to death is obviously wrong (though not to the author of that memo! We suspect that the images were added at a later time, perhaps because the directives by themselves are hard to mentally picture. Manning and Amare note in their treatment of technical communication ethics that If we define all of ethics, as Peirce does, as the reasoned choice of actions to attain reasonably chosen goals, then this . (2006). American forces were about to land on Okinawa, which was adjacent to the Japanese home islands, and few Japanese naval vessels remained to oppose them. Any other use is strictly forbidden. These three modes of communication; the mental/spiritual, the technical, and the vivid; blend together here to create compelling content. The theme of national identity can also be explored in the poem Checking Out Me History, The Emigre or The Charge of the Light Brigade. AQA Power and Conflict - Loss - Kamikaze / Poppies - YouTube Throughout the poem the father/pilot is silent. Without specific orders to do so, and the military structure to enable the act, we suspect kamikaze attacks would have still occurred but would have been far rarer and disorganized. Copies of this directive were even distributed to the Japanese civilian population by 1945. Visual-rhetoric ethics: Beyond accuracy and injury. He embarks on his final, suicide mission with thoughts of glory and his country filling him but then sees the world below him as he flies. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 56(4), 294312. The Japanese navy and army were issued a pocket-sized Instructions for the Battlefield, or Senjinkun, published in January 1941, which portrayed surrender or capture as strictly forbidden and dishonorable (Correll, 2015). (1992). Her email address is hillj@uhd.edu. It is inevitable that [we] predict various types of confusion and mistakes. The division between the two formal chapters, Attack Preparation and Attack Implementation, feels arbitrary. This vastly different sense of pilot mortality affects the form of the instructions, in that typical safety information, basic defensive measures, or maintenance procedures are not considered; the manuals nature is entirely offensive and single-pathed toward the desired state. Kamikaze by Beatrice Garland A poem about a kamikaze pilot who returns home and faces rejection. Helping you revise for your GCSEs -Comparing poetry - Power and Conflict Even the pictures threaten the poetic persona of the poem. With planes full of explosives and just enough fuel to make it to their target, kamikaze pilots had to fly directly at American warships to inflict maximum damagekilling themselves in the process. Moran, M. (2002). In the following questions, you will look at the language techniques used in both poems. The value of Bernhardts analysis, then, as with ours, lies in the ability to describe how the instructional rhetorical maneuveringin Bernhardts case, using sex to sell (p. 221) the need for vehicle maintenancefunctions uniquely within a military context. The poem exploresthe moment that the pilot's decision is made andthe consequences for him over the rest of his life. The poem - Kamikaze by Beatrice Garland - AQA - BBC Bitesize meaning. It offers an exhortation to willpower and action while simultaneously not offering much detail, chiefly as one cannot practice a Togo mission like other airplane maneuvers. Simple sentences 11. There is also the related ishi o motte (to own a clear will): (22) Although whether they should continue to move forward if the [Togo troop] encounters an enemy battle plane while moving forward depends on the commands of the high-level commander, the attack force commander is to judge the conditions of that time appropriately and do his best to avoid the start of a battle. Have a specific question about this poem? A. Campbell, and D, Henry (Eds. sea. The real organization seems to be by paragraph, each numbered, with 49 paragraphs total. Historically speaking, bushido was a code for samurai, but, in WWII, this was extended to the common soldier, sailor, or pilot, who now saw capture or surrender as unthinkable. Miller, C. (1984). (Reprinted from Things made by words: Reflections on textual criticism, 1992, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 78, 223231). 164 Cards - 15 Decks - The title refers to Japanese pilots during World War II tasked with flying a suicide mission. This is where Manual 2 comes in with its dual mental/spiritual advice, deviating from mechanistic technique to offer emotional comfort. Manual 1s visuals are so removed from the directives that it isolates them from the tasks they represent; the only reference to the visuals occurs in the table of contents. It is one of the poems in the AQA Anthology. They are not aiding, helping, assisting, or striking a blowthey are a necessary vanguard for any eventual victory or peace without surrender. Garland's poem was in part inspired by this article, an interview with two kamikaze pilots. Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko. For this, it is necessary to seek any opportunity after arriving at a battlefield and also to be devoted in training to value, and use even one second of leisurely time (for a goal). Garland's poem was in part inspired by this article, an interview with two kamikaze pilots. kamikaze language techniques Comparisons and. The concept of "god" was originally represented only by the right part, . However, given the place is not named, the poem offers a . The normalizing power of writing-from-a-distance in these manuals cannot be underestimated. Yes, please keep me updated on EdPlace's news, advice and offers (subject to EdPlace's, Winner - Best for Home Learning / Parents.