The reopening under devolution of Scotland's parliament after a more than 300-year hiatus symbolized the restoration of significant autonomous self-government for Scotland. For example, countries that have federal systems of government may have more established mechanisms for devolution, while countries with unitary systems may need to adopt new laws or constitutional amendments to enable devolution. Nationalism and decolonization are important factors to view when considering reasons why a region under a central government would want to devolve and become more autonomous. During the Victorian Era, England was constantly invading and controlling their neighboring countries. Here are a few examples of Balkanization: Yugoslavia: The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s is often cited as an example of Balkanization. Economic devolutionary forces can occur when regions seek control of natural resources. Tibet: Tibet is an autonomous region in China with a high degree of self-governance and a unique cultural and religious identity. PDF Devolution: AP Human Geography Crash Course - West Linn-Wilsonville Nigeria's Fourth Republic has stood since then, with multiple peaceful transfers of power from administration to administration. There are several challenges to the political-territorial world order dominated by national governments. Which has long been seen by opponents as the "favored" region in Nigeria, dating back to colonialism? Europeans used military force, cultural domination, and formal control from the mother country to monitor their territories. Ironically the adoption of the Euro as part of the European Union (EU) created centrifugal forces in Europe. Balkanization can be caused by a variety of factors, including ethnic or cultural tensions, the presence of strong regional or local identities, and the influence of external actors. 3 - The National Assembly Complex in Abuja, built in 1999. Now with over 200 million people and Africa's largest economy, Nigeria has survived as a single country despite enormous problems. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. It has devolved some more of its powers to mayoralities, such as those in London and Greater Manchester, who have influence over things like transport policy. Many of the example of devolution are in Europe, but they exist all across the world. Many people in Scotland and Wales began demanding greater control over their own affairs, a trend reflected in a rise in support for the Scottish National Party (SNP) and Plaid Cymru (Party of Wales). <p>The high level of economic difference between the regions in Italy acts as a devolutionary force.</p> AP Human Geography Free Response Help - FRQs Transfer of decision making power from a central government to a lower level or the break up of states. Learn more about our school licenses here. An error occurred trying to load this video. Separatist groups include the Moros of the Philippines, the Basques of Spain, and the Sikhs in India. PDF 2020 Exam Sample Questions - College Board Which of the following is NOT a group seeking to secede from or otherwise separate from Nigeria? A classic example of devolution is a group demanding more autonomy from the central government. FRQ Examples Free-Response Question 1: No stimulus For FRQ 1, you will receive a short piece of background text followed by a series of questions. If you chose religion as a centripetal force, you might talk about Hinduism in . The United States is not immune to devolutionary forces. Devolutionary Forces Around the World by Sebastian Rodriguez - Prezi The Federal government is still sovereign and maintains powers over foreign policy and defense, but each state can govern itself. There were also stark divisions between the religions of Christianity and Islam. Some of the world's most contentious and vexing disputes involve territory in: Crimea. F. Identify and explain one political impact resulting from devolutionary pressures related to cultural differences in either Spain or Nigeria. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. They are a Hindu minority who fight for independence from the Sinhalese, a Buddhist majority. The kids living in the third floor attic follow the same rules as the kids living in the basement room. Half a century ago, the Igbo lost a war and were forced to rejoin Nigeria, but tensions have become enflamed as many feel they can go it alone, perhaps in league with Ambazonia separatist movements to the east in Cameroon, where devolution is also splintering the country. Everything you need for your studies in one place. This rule applies to all the rooms. For example, the European Union has played a role in encouraging devolution within its member states as a way to promote regional integration and cooperation. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. . Have all your study materials in one place. That region may request a devolved government to govern itself in a way that's more relevant to its unique needs. FRQ #2 - devolution Flashcards | Quizlet Some of the key factors that can shape the devolutionary process include: Political context: The political context, including the balance of power between different levels of government and the broader political landscape, can have a significant impact on the devolutionary process. That is the case of the Scots in Great Britain. The concept of nation is important to note when we discuss forces that fragment a state. Constitutional Democracy: Help and Review, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Introduction to the Study of American Government: Help and Review, The Spread of Democratic Ideals During the Revolutionary War, The Articles of Confederation and the Northwest Ordinance, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and Shays Rebellion, The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Ratification of the Constitution and the New U.S. Government, The US Constitution: Preamble, Articles and Amendments, Constitutional Provisions for Limited Government, The Bill of Rights: The Constitution's First 10 Amendments, Bicameral Legislature: Definition & Features, What is Representative Democracy? Iraq: The ongoing conflict in Iraq, including the rise of the Islamic State, is often seen as a result of Balkanization. Ironically the adoption of the Euro as part of the European Union (EU) created centrifugal forces in Europe. Like parents granting a teenage girl autonomy over her own bedroom, devolution is when a country chooses to transfer powers from the central government to subnational governments like state, local, and regional governments.